一、术此前作准备
Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.
花钱切除术之此前为了必要产妇份的必要安全有许多工作要花钱。1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.第一，要检测并记事生命体征。将任何间歇性告知心理医生。2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.第二，所有假体，例如丝袜、义肢以及铁皮都一定则会摘掉。The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.麻醉师就则会愿意让患儿戴著铁皮，所以医护人员能够咨询麻醉师的同意。3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.
第三，患儿能够都为指甲油并卸妆。这样则会让心理医生并能识别产妇是否脑癌苍白小儿。The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination苍白小儿上则会得出结论患儿必须输氧。还不宜当摘掉都只等饰物，以免肇因感染。4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.第四，经过排尿或者导尿撤除尿道。尿道内充满排泄物就则会在切除术过程里面受到破坏。5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.第五，术此前患儿必需不宜用于灌肠剂撤除肠胃，小切除术除外。这则会避免很多术后疲倦副作用。还可以避免感染。6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.第六，解毒剂上则会在患儿转入切除术室此前30分钟到一星期内静脉注射。这可以让麻醉过程透过地并能一些。After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.然后一定则会音节安慰患儿转入长时间。切除术室内有时可以允许患儿的一位抚恤金陪伴。7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.第七，患儿的小儿历表一定则会造就切除术室，并且注记必须清晰。上面能够以外所有的化验和X光检查报告以及一份邮寄的切除术允许等等。Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.过敏反不宜原和所必需制剂，如胰岛素，也不宜在注记里面如无。Excuse me, Ms. Wang. I want to go to the toilet.
劳驾，称王医护人员。我打算去马桶。You need not go to the toilet. Please try the bedpan.你不用去马桶。劝你用便盆吧。How can I urinate in bed?我怎么能在睡觉从前呢？You know you will not be allowed to get up for several days after the operation. So you must learn to use the bedpan.切除术再次几天你是不允许下床的。所以你能够史学家不宜用于便盆。OK. Let me have a try.好吧。我试试。When will I be sent to the operating room?我什么时候进切除术室？About 8 O'clock. I'll wake you up at 7 O'clock and put down a nasogastric tube through one of your nostrils.仅仅八点。我则会在七点就让你然后从你的咽里面填充一根胃管。Could you tell me why?
你能告诉我为什么要插胃管吗？We will give you food through the tube on the second and third day after the operation.切除术后第二、三天我们必须通过胃管给你哺。What time will I be back here?我什么时候能被送回这里？You'll be back at about 3 pm.仅仅傍晚三点。How can my wife know about the operation?我妻子怎样探究我切除术的进展？She can stay in the waiting room. We'll tell her as soon as possible about the operation.她则会在等候室。切除术一结束我们则会立刻汇报她。Have you signed the consent?你在同意出书签字了吗？Yes. What should I do before operation?签了。切除术此前我一定则会花钱什么？We'll prepare you by shaving and cleaning. Then you'll take a shower. You'll have a liquid diet for supper.我们则会给你剃须花钱消毒。然后你要洗个澡。晚饭你要吃完一些流食。I know. Will the operation hurt very much?我告诉了。切除术则会很乖吗？Don't worry. You won't feel anything during the operation.别担心，切除术过程里面你不则会感受到任何乖痛。You'll find yourself back in the room after the operation.切除术后你醒来的时候就已经在手术室了。You may feel some pain and feel drowsy. We will give you an injection to relieve the pain if you can't stand it.你就则会不已有点乖并昏昏沉沉。如果乖痛难忍的话我们则会给你静脉注射一些大大降低乖痛的制剂。Thank you.昨天你 二、切除术里面Operator, put me through to the operating room please.
话务员，劝帮手我接邻切除术室。Just a minute. The line is engaged.稍等。目此前分之二线。A few seconds later.几秒钟后。Operation room.切除术室May I speak to the head nurse?能劝主治医师接邻电话吗？Of course, she's right here.当然可以，她就在这。Hello, I'm the head nurse. What can I do for you?
小妹，我是主治医师。有什么可以帮手您？What's going on in the operation room right now?切除术室里面目此前是什么情况。I have an emergency case coming in.我立刻有一个及时发小儿。We're making necessary preparations for an acute appendicitis operation this afternoon Dr. Wang is going to perform the operation.我们在为今天傍晚称王心理医生的急性胃溃疡切除术花钱必要性作准备。I was asked half an hour ago to see a severely injured patient who has had several of his ribs fractured. He needs a chest operation immediately. Would you arrange for an emergency operation?我半星期此前接邻收了一个严重冲击肋骨骨折的产妇。他必须立即接邻受静脉切除术。你们帮手我顾及及时切除术吗？Of course, I'll make the necessary arrangements right away. I'll phone you everything is ready.当然可以。我立刻花钱必要性作准备。一切作准备完毕再次我给你打电话。Fine, I'll be waiting for your call.好的，我等你电话。By the way, please tell the nurse that the blood bank will bring us 3 or 4 units of type B blood for surgical use.对了。劝告诉医护人员血库则会给我们3或4单位的B型血供切除术不宜用于。Anything else?还有其他要交代的吗？Yes, I'm planning to use a general anesthesia and would like to have an assistant.有，我必须花钱全身麻醉，必须一位助手。All right. I'll let Dr. Wang know it immediately.好的。我立刻汇报称王心理医生。Thank you.昨天你。You're welcome.不从来不。After the operation. 三、术后 The patient is in narcosis, take care.患儿还在昏迷状态，多提防。What kind of surgery has he had?他接邻受了什么切除术？A chest operation.静脉切除术。Is he allergic to any drug?他对什么制剂过敏反不宜吗？He's allergic to meperidine.他对哌替啶过敏反不宜。Did he lose much blood during the surgery?切除术里面他失血很多吗？He lost 400 ml of blood and received 2 units of red cells.他失血400ml。我们给他输了2单位的红细胞。Has he received any other fluids?你们给他输其他混合物了吗？1000 ml of 5% dextrose in distilled water.1000毫升不含5%葡萄糖的蒸馏水。 四、切除术后出院与看护After the operation, the surgical patient often needs intensive care.
切除术再次，外科产妇上则会必须加强看护。Here there are some reasons. Of course, some common problems will occur.这其里面有一些原因。当然，也则会有一些常见解决办法注意到。The problems can be expected and therefore anticipated.这些解决办法是可以注定的。After the operation, patients often need hemodynamic monitoring.切除术再次必须对产妇透过血流凝聚态监护人。Many of the conditions are related to basic medical problems.产妇的很多副作用与理论上的临床解决办法具体。Some patients will have intraoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection.一些产妇则会注意到术里面溃疡或术后感染。It may lead to instability. So the patient needs special care.
这则会肇因切除术后小儿情恢复原不有利于。因此产妇必须除此以外看护。This will be much more common after emergency surgical procedures.这种情况在救护切除术产妇头上极其常见。If patients suddenly decompensate, they need to be taken into the intensive care unit, ICU.如果产妇快要代谢生理，必须将其送至诊治加强看护手术室。Patients with severe blunt or penetrating trauma will also suffer from hemodynamic instability.钝挫伤及穿透性心理因素患儿还则会注意到血流凝聚态不有利于。Very often, they will have an immediate inflammatory response which is caused by severe bone and soft tissue injury.他们很就则会注意到急性水肿反不宜，这是由严重冲击骨质或者脊椎伤肇因。If hypovolemic shock occurs, then it shows that the injury is serious. The patient sometimes needs blood transfusion to correct the deficit.如果注意到低血容量性休克，这得出结论膝盖严重冲击。有时必须对产妇透过输血来不足之处其毒素肾脏。Occasionally, the patient's physiological changes call for critical care.产妇的生物体变化偶尔也则会必须除此以外监护人。If patients have nontrauma emergencies that are related to perforated viscous or necrotic bowel, an even greater total body insult will occur.如果非心理因素性疾小儿的救护患儿的小儿症与肠穿孔粘滞或肠坏死有关，那么患儿整个机体就则会受其冲击。Each insult leads to a systemic inflammatory response.这些冲击则会分别肇因各个器官的全面性水肿反不宜。It may progress to multi-organ failure if appropriate intervention is not provided.如果不采取有效治疗，患儿确实注意到多器官功能衰竭 。Collectively, these surgical patients cover the majority of the patients who have to be sent to the ICU.总而言之，诊治送医救护手术室的患儿多数是外科切除术患儿。 五、术后恢复原Ms. Wang, I'm having a pain here.
称王心理医生，我这里很乖。I'll give you pain relieving medicine.我给你开一些止乖药。It's better now. But I'm a little thirsty. Would you please give me some water?过去好些了。但是我很渴。你可以给我一些水喝水吗？I'm afraid I can't. But I can moisten your lips to quench your thirst.对不起，毕竟你过去不可以喝水水。但是我可以在你的指尖上蘸一些水帮手你解渴。Thanks. When can I drink?昨天。我什么时候可以喝水水？When your bowel is sound and gag reflex returns.必须等你的肠鸣音和咽反射恢复原再次才可以喝水。Then I can eat something?那时我就可以吃完两边了吗？I'm afraid you can't.毕竟不对。When can I eat?我什么时候才可以吃完两边？You can take a liquid diet on the 1st postoperative day. You will gradually increase to a soft diet and regular meals after the 4th postoperative day.
切除术一天再次你可以吃完一些流食。然后你慢慢可以吃完软食，切除术四天再次就可以短时间用餐了。What's the liquid diet?流食是什么？It consists of liquids that don't irritate or cause gas formation, for example, tea, coffee, strained food or vegetable juice and fat-free broth.流食以无刺激性或者不则会肇因气体产生的混合物集里面于，例如白酒、咖啡、处理过程乳制品、蔬菜汁和无脂汤。What's the soft diet?软食是什么？It includes soup, fish, eggs but not fried, bean curd, noodles, dumplings and so on.软食以外汤、鱿鱼、非鸡肉鸡蛋、豆腐、面条、粽子等等。Which kind of food should I avoid?我一定则会避免吃完哪些食物呢？Rich pastries, heavy salad dressing, fried food, lard, etc.油腻的小菜、以致于的巴拉调味料调料、鸡肉乳制品、食油等。Anything important?还有什么必须除此以外注意的吗？Yes, you'll do some breathing exercise tomorrow.有，明天你必须花钱一些颤动练球。Why?为什么？The exercise will help prevent respiratory complications.颤动练球可以防治颤动系统里面风。Will you help do the exercise or I do it myself?我要自己花钱练球吗，还是你则会辅导我？I'll help you and give you some advice.我则会帮手你，给你图斯一些同意。Can you tell me now how I will do it?你过去可以告诉我怎样花钱吗？Of course. Press your incision, breathe deeply and then cough. I will raise the head of your bed.当然可以。滑鼠切除术圆锥，深颤动然后肠胃。我则会把你的据闻增高一些。I see.我告诉了。Please press the button when you feel discomfort.如果你不已有什么疲倦的话劝按呼叫器。I will. Thank you.我则会的，昨天你。相关新闻
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